the types of questions (e.g., matching headings, gap-fill, True/False/Not Given) to specific sections of the text.
The genesis of modern crowdmapping can be traced back to the aftermath of the 2007 Kenyan presidential election. Following widespread violence and a media blackout, a group of tech-savvy activists developed an open-source platform called Ushahidi —which means "testimony" or "witness" in Swahili. The platform allowed citizens to report incidents of violence via text messages, which were then verified and plotted onto a digital map. This provided a more accurate, real-time picture of the crisis than any official news outlet could manage at the time. Paragraph C
The map updated instantly. The road, previously a black line on a blank canvas, was now marked with a red "X"—impassable. A drone re-routed automatically to drop supplies at the adjacent clearing. crowdmapping ielts reading answers updated
Crowdmapping: The Future of Disaster Response and Management
Examiners love the debate surrounding the accuracy of public data. When answering True/False/Not Given questions, scan for words like accuracy , bias , validation , malicious , and filtering . 3. Match Meaning, Not Just Words the types of questions (e
| Question No. | Updated Answer | | :--- | :--- | | 14 | (It may not be an entirely new concept) | | 15 | A (It encourages employees to work from any location) | | 16 | B (It allows instant access to shared information) | | 17 | D (They feel they are making a worthwhile contribution) | | 18 | C (The potential for data to be misinterpreted) |
The fourth paragraph typically highlights examples in humanitarian or disaster zones. D The platform allowed citizens to report incidents of
"Look," he pointed. "Here, in the northern valley. The 'crowd' identified a bridge collapse three hours before the government flyover detected it. Because the map was updated in real-time, the medical convoy didn't waste four hours driving to a dead end. They took
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Paragraph A states: "geographical data is no longer the exclusive domain of professional cartographers and government agencies." 7. testimony (OR) witness Answer: testimony / witness