You see the anti-pattern (what not to do) first.

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Use .stream() , .filter() , and .collect() to process data in a single, readable chain. 2. Defensive Programming and Avoiding Nulls

Removing redundant else blocks, simplifying conditionals.

The book covers a wide range of topics, including:

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The refactored version uses "guard clauses" to handle edge cases and errors upfront. This keeps the happy path completely flat and significantly lowers the cognitive load for anyone reading the code. 2. Streamline Collections with Streams and Lambdas

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