Patient behaviour compounds the problem. People stop taking antibiotic prescriptions early when they feel better, take antibiotics when they are not needed, or share leftover medication with family and friends. Each of these practices allows a subset of bacteria to survive treatment, multiply and pass on their resistance.
Which of the following organizations has initiated the Global Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance?
Given the limited pipeline for new antibiotics, there is a pressing need for innovative research. Between 1 July 2017 and 2024, 13 new antibiotics obtained marketing authorisation, but represent a new chemical class and can be termed truly innovative—underscoring the scientific and technical challenge in discovering novel antibacterials that are both effective and safe. Patient behaviour compounds the problem
Explanation: The passage mentions the "indiscriminate usage of antibiotic agents in both clinical [human] and veterinary [animal] settings."
The problem extends far beyond human medicine. Livestock play a significant role in dispersing resistant bacteria into the food chain. These resilient bacteria do not discriminate between humans and animals, so farms and abattoirs have become breeding grounds for inter-species infection. Even after slaughter, these bacteria can easily survive on animal carcasses, remaining alive and reproducing until the point of purchase and beyond, eventually invading human systems when contaminated meat is consumed. Which of the following organizations has initiated the
Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria mutate or acquire genes that render antibiotics ineffective. Instead of killing the bacteria, the medicine allows them to survive and multiply, leading to infections that are difficult or impossible to treat.
One of the most frequent—and challenging—topics in the IELTS Reading exam is medical science. Specifically, the topic of appears regularly in academic texts. It combines complex biological processes with global policy issues, making it a prime candidate for tricky IELTS questions. Even after slaughter
: A shift toward using "broader spectrum" and more expensive agents has heightened the problem by exposing more diverse bacteria to antibiotics. Livestock Impact